Learning by experience, as its name implies, is the process of acquiring or inferring knowledge through practical experience and realistic attempt, and it is considered the author of American educational theories David A. Kolb is the first to study the effect of experience on the learning process in this way.Many schools and training and qualification centers are heading towards this type of education, by using training games, as it has proven its effectiveness on the ground, and convinced many parties of its ability to integrate the educated individuals and achieve harmony and familiarity with them and increase their productivity while maintaining the atmosphere of pleasure and fun.On the theoretical level, there are many studies and researches that have dealt with the topic of learning through experience, and have shown interesting results, the most prominent of which are:Experimental Cognitive Theory (CEST) - Self Theory - CESTThis theory proposes a two-process cognitive perceptual model developed by Seymour Epstein, on which individuals act according to two separate information processing systems, one based on rational analysis and the other on experience and intuition.While the rational section learns slowly according to its logical system, the experimental section learns quickly and spontaneously with its impulsive and emotional style without requiring a lot of knowledge resources.The experimental department that operates according to an intuitive system is considered a conscious educational system, where it can form intuition, passion and imagination based on experiences, and is characterized by its rapid response that precedes awareness and enables emotional judgments to be released outside the framework of awareness, and its imagination can be trained and developed through practice and learning by experience.It is a mistake to think that intuition is born with a person, but rather is the result of an internal analysis of many previous experiences and mistakes that he passed through and extracted results and through them that enable him to behave in the end, so you cannot teach someone intuition simply, so training games are the most practical way to develop The correct intuition of learners by training the experimental system in their minds.
The Triarchic theory of intelligenceThis theory, presented by the scientist and psychiatrist Robert J. Sternberg, suggests that a person has intelligence that is not simply measured by his ability to solve arithmetic operations, his skill in playing chess, or even the signs he gets during his study, where intelligence has three aspects from his viewpoint:Analytical Intelligence: It is the ability to process information, which is used when analyzing data or looking for solutions to a problem, and it is the part that intelligence tests usually measure. Therefore, these tests are unfair to Sternberg for neglecting other aspects of intelligence in the individual.Creative Intelligence: It is used when adapting to new situations, and forming your own unique vision about something, and enables you to use the knowledge and skills you already possess to manage new or unusual situations.Thanks to the creative intelligence of the success of many prominent personalities in society, where new and original products or innovative ideas and methods are presented that achieve unprecedented success, therefore it is important to develop it through training games that motivate the individual to think creatively and find new solutions instead of applying other existing ones And already prepared.Applied intelligence: It is the ability to deal with the real situations that happen with us every day. It is called the street language “street intelligence”, and it determines how you relate to the external environment surrounding you and your ability to adapt to it or change it or even to create a better environment.It depends on applied intelligence in managing situations, making decisions and delegating responsibilities, and it is developed through experience and learning with training games that create situations similar to that of the real, where knowledge is gained by extracting it from experience and is later processed by analytical intelligence.
The Triarchic theory of intelligenceThis theory, presented by the scientist and psychiatrist Robert J. Sternberg, suggests that a person has intelligence that is not simply measured by his ability to solve arithmetic operations, his skill in playing chess, or even the signs he gets during his study, where intelligence has three aspects from his viewpoint:Analytical Intelligence: It is the ability to process information, which is used when analyzing data or looking for solutions to a problem, and it is the part that intelligence tests usually measure. Therefore, these tests are unfair to Sternberg for neglecting other aspects of intelligence in the individual.Creative Intelligence: It is used when adapting to new situations, and forming your own unique vision about something, and enables you to use the knowledge and skills you already possess to manage new or unusual situations.Thanks to the creative intelligence of the success of many prominent personalities in society, where new and original products or innovative ideas and methods are presented that achieve unprecedented success, therefore it is important to develop it through training games that motivate the individual to think creatively and find new solutions instead of applying other existing ones And already prepared.Applied intelligence: It is the ability to deal with the real situations that happen with us every day. It is called the street language “street intelligence”, and it determines how you relate to the external environment surrounding you and your ability to adapt to it or change it or even to create a better environment.It depends on applied intelligence in managing situations, making decisions and delegating responsibilities, and it is developed through experience and learning with training games that create situations similar to that of the real, where knowledge is gained by extracting it from experience and is later processed by analytical intelligence.
Multiple Intelligence
This theory has the most holistic view on the subject of intelligence, as its author Howard Gardner, a professor of Harvard University in the United States of America, has extended to nine types of intelligence, which are linguistic intelligence, logical (mathematical), visual, musical, physical (physical), and spatial.
The emotional intelligence section which includes social intelligence (knowing others), and personal (self-knowledge),
To them I add later, the natural (the intelligence of natural science), the existential (the intelligence of existential issues) and the intelligence of education (the ability to explain clearly).
Based on the multiple types of intelligence, the ways of learning among students differ according to the type of intelligence that overwhelms the way he thinks. Some students with linguistic intelligence learn by written or read communication, and others with visual intelligence remember the information better if they see it drawn or represented live, and some of them have My location intelligence cannot focus and sit in one place, preferring to move, play and touch with their hands, while others need social contact with their peers or their teacher to learn effectively.
The theory of multiple intelligences takes into account individual differences among learners and their personality patterns. Learning by experience is the most successful way to include more than one type of intelligence with strategies such as learning by playing, role-playing and plays, cooperative groups, competitions, the revival of scientific experiments and real-life simulations in the learning hall.
Training games during the learning process through experience include data that need analysis (logical), tasks that require movement and play in the learning hall (dynamic + spatial), information that needs to be written (linguistic), drawn, and displayed in an audible (musical) or decree (visual), all within an environment Interactivity that includes stimulating emotional intelligence (emotional) and a better knowledge of the needs of others and how to communicate with them, self-presentation and stimulate self-confidence (personal).
Learning by experience and emotional intelligence:
Emotional (emotional) intelligence cannot be enhanced without an interactive environment in which layers and monotonous controls disappear between individuals, and here comes the role of learning by experience using training games that transforms learning from a negative reception process from the teacher to students into an interactive process in which the trainees engage in the same challenges to learn to work Together, on the same pace, each with his own creativity, along with developing many emotional skills such as accepting the other, self-confidence, understanding emotions and feelings through different situations, taking into account the levels of others while not being offended or underestimated, their criticism and To a constructive objection, and this is what education in its traditional form cannot provide.
In addition, learning by experience creates real-life situations in which most or all of the human senses are involved, which trains individuals on how to interact with others during training games and prepares them for future work or study environments that include the social aspect in their folds, and also prepares them psychologically for the tense atmosphere and how to behave Under pressure and in critical situations, it helps them gain friends and satisfy their psychological needs.
All the previous theories are in line with the principles of learning by experience, which is characterized by its flexibility, where training games can be modified or made to develop an aspect of the learner, to acquire a certain skill, or to prepare him for a specific future environment.
